The push for gender equality in sports is moving in the right direction but it won’t happen overnight. Women still receive less coverage on TV and the media. Women athletes are often referred to more regarding their appearance and personal lives than their sporting achievements. This objectification reinforces stereotyped gender roles and limits female sports participation.
While educational programmes and progressive policies have helped to advance gender equality, there is still work to do in terms of equal opportunities for girls and women in sport. A recent study found that girls from schools where people of color are the majority have access to only 67% of the athletic opportunities that boys enjoy. This is a result of intentional discrimination that is not limited to specific conferences, competitive levels or geographic regions.
This discrimination is exacerbated by current politics in the United States and elsewhere. In 2021 and 2022, over 300 bills were introduced in state legislatures across the United States, 86% of which focused specifically on transgender women and girls (Nakajima and Hanzhang Jin, 2022). These laws prevent access to healthcare, require students to use the bathroom of the sex they were assigned at birth, and prohibit girls and women from participating in their chosen sport.
This article uses data from the Special Eurobarometer 525 (2022) to generate a synthetic indicator of attitudes towards gender equality in sports (ATGEQS). The analysis identifies regional differences in ATGEQS, and finds that support for gender equality in sport is higher in countries with more liberal political cultures, where people are more likely to have supported feminist movements, and where rapid social change has not been framed as an affront to cultural or national identity.